Mechanical engineering introduction to nuclear engineering nptel. Although some countries, most notably the usa, treat used nuclear fuel as waste, most of the material in used fuel can be recycled. When 75insag3 was issued in 1988, the total amount of experience that had been accumulated worldwide was about 4600 operating reactoryears. Moreover, the materials in a nuclear reactor core and the uranium enrichment level make a nuclear explosion impossible, even if all safety measures failed. The last reactor to come into service was the tennessee valley authoritys tva watts bar 1 in 1996. The mit nuclear reactor lab has an extensive array of facilities for performing neutron and gamma irradiations, for studying neutron physics, and for examining radioactive materials. Nptel syllabus nuclear reactors and safety an introduction video course course outline nuclear safety is today an important topic of discussions and. Nptel syllabus nuclear reactors and safety an introduction video course course outline nuclear safety is today an important topic of discussions and debate, whenever we talk about nuclear energy. The federal government did not meet its contractual obligation begin acceptingto used nuclear fuel by 1998. Nuclear fuel fabrication is the final stage in nuclear fuel preparation prior to use in a reactor. Scientists have not yet managed to use fusion in nuclear reactors, though they are trying. Fuel burnup definition and calculations nuclear power.
The feed assumes a uniform composition throughout the reactor, exit stream has the same composition as in the tank. Neutron activation is the only common way that a stable material can be induced into becoming intrinsically radioactive. The nuclear electric rocket terminology is slightly inconsistent, as technically the rocket part of the. The international thermonuclear experimental reactor iter at the cadarache laboratory, france, seeks the achievement of fusion inside a plasma of deuteriumtritium. Before we start with the nuclear reactor, a basic understanding of nuclear fission is necessary. This section provides the schedule of lecture topics along with lecture notes and slides for the course. Fundamentals of nuclear power generation dvd media storage type.
Today, the figure is about 8700 operating reactoryears. The independence of the neutrons energies from the nuclear fuel used is what allows such fuel flexibility in a candu reactor, since every fuel bundle will experience the same environment and affect its neighbors in the same way, whether the fissile material is uranium235, uranium233 or plutonium. Lecture notes for introduction to nuclear engineering 101. The imminent rapid growth of nuclear power is brought out. Lecture notes nuclear reactor safety nuclear science and. This course aims to introduce to students of final year mechanical engineering. Lecture notes nuclear reactor safety nuclear science. They contain and control nuclear chain reactions that produce heat through a physical process called fission.
Basic safety principles for nuclear power plants 75insag. Neutron induced fission releases energy plus extra fast neutrons. Oct 11, 2012 diy brick rocket stove cooking without power duration. To keep the neutron population steady in a reactor we need to produce more neutrons than. A nuclear change is a change that occurs within the atom. Nuclear plant systems lecture 0 nuclear plant systems and the role of a nuclear engineer. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water as coolant,unpressurised heavy water as moderator and uses pressurized tubes to contain the fuel and circulating coolant. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around. Approximately 97% the vast majority 94% being uranium of it could be used as fuel in certain types of reactor. Nuclear reactors are used as research tools, as systems for producing radioactive isotope s, and most prominently as energy sources for nuclear power plants. Fast neutrons are slowed down by a moderator such as water or graphite, allowing chain reaction to take place rapid increase in neutron population. Reactor design lectures notes university of technology, iraq. In water reactors, the coolant is also the moderator.
Nptel chemical engineering nuclear reactor technology joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 3 of 8 in this lecture we shall discuss components of condensatefeedwater cycle of secondary system in a power plant utilizing steam from a typical watercooled nuclear reactor. For a comprehensive description of the nrls experimental facilities, download the nrls users guide. Nuclear reactors are the heart of a nuclear power plant. The most commonly defined as the fission energy release per unit mass of fuel in megawattdays per metric ton of heavy metal of uranium mwdthm, or similar units. Nuclear reactor, any of a class of devices that can initiate and control a selfsustaining series of nuclear fission s. The photo taken on april 14, 2006 shows reactor no. I am drawing only a few of them, but there will be hundreds in a reactor assembly.
Nuclear safety is today an important topic of discussions and. Nuclear reactor introduction, main components and types of. Canducanada deutrium uranium it is a canadianinvented,heavy water reactor. That heat is used to make steam that spins a turbine to create electricity. Agrs are using graphite as the neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant.
A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate, and control, a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear physics fundamentals and application online course. The realm of atomic and nuclear physics nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. Overview of nuclear reactor systems and fundamentals someday man will harness the rise and fall of the tides, imprison the power of the sun, and release atomic power. Controlled chain reaction and principle of a nuclear reactor.
In general 1% in fission burnup is approximately equal to 10,000 mwdtu. The continuing development of accelerators and detectors see chapters 11 and 12 permit the refinement of nuclear data and models to benefit basic science and nuclear applications. Dont forget to sign up for the class to get really nonintrusive updates. The temelin nuclear power plant, south bohemia, czech republic. Physics nuclear physics fundamentals and application.
This note will focus on the basics of nuclear reactor design. The two commercial reactor types based on this principle are both american designs, but are widely used in over 20 countries. Lecture 2 the semi empirical mass formula semf assumptions. Atomic physics or atom physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. In nuclear engineering, fuel burnup also known as fuel utilization is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a nuclear fuel and a measure of fuel depletion. Nuclear physics fundamentals and applications by prof. Nuclear fuel fabrication world nuclear association. Much space is therefore devoted to the history of nuclear energy production and to nuclear physics, and the material focuses on the principles of. In this course, professor soumitro banerjee, department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur nptel, gives 40 video lectures on the concepts of energy resources and technology, such as thermodynamics, fossil fuels, hydroelectric power, nuclear power generation, solar thermal energy conversion, photovoltaic power, wind energy, tidal energy, magnetohydrodyn amic power generation, geothermal.
Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. An advanced gascooled reactor agr is a british design of nuclear reactor. This classic reference combines broad, yet indepth cove. Lecture 2 nptel chemical engineering nuclear reactor.
Nuclear power plants operate by precisely controlling the rate at which nuclear reactions occur, and that control is maintained through the use of several redundant layers of safety measures. The federal government did not meet its contractual obligation begin. Nuclear physics is started with few experiments and some theoretical modeling and we have just completed hundred years of that. Suppose these are the fuel rods and you can have the steel rods something like.
The concerns have arisen after the accidents at chernobyl in russia and fukushima in japan. Type of reactor continuousstirred tank reactor cstr run at steady state,the flow rate in must equal the mass flow rate out, otherwise the tank will overflow or go empty transient state. In order to prevent chemical reactions between the coolant and the nuclear fuel, the nuclear fuel is housed in a metal cladding. A nuclear electric rocket more properly nuclear electric propulsion is a type of spacecraft propulsion system where thermal energy from a nuclear reactor is converted to electrical energy, which is used to drive an ion thruster or other electrical spacecraft propulsion technology. Diy brick rocket stove cooking without power duration. The heat generated in the nuclear fuel is transferred to the cooling water, which is pumped upward along the rods. Nuclear fission is the process where the nucleus of a heavy atom splits into fragments of lighter nuclei. Part 1 elements of nuclear reactor theory is composed of only elements but the main resource for the lecture of nuclear reactor theory, and should be studied as common knowledge. Nuclear plants produce waste while generating electricity, but its not glowing green goo like you see in the movies or the simpsons. Ukraine prepares to mark the 20th anniversary of the worlds worst nuclear leakage triggered by an explosion happening at reactor no. Nuclear waste is much different from what you might think. Nptel chemical engineering nuclear reactor technology. Recycling has, to date, mostly been focused on the extraction of plutonium and uranium, as.
Then calculate the potential inside nucleus vinside. There is currently one nuclear reactor under construction that is projected to come into service by 20 which is the watts bar 2 reactor in tennessee 1. For instance, if the number of neutrons or protons in the nucleus changes, that is a nuclear change. Neutrons are only free in quantity in the microseconds of a nuclear weapons explosion, in an active nuclear reactor, or in a spallation neutron source. These are the second generation of british gascooled reactors. Much space is therefore devoted to the history of nuclear energy production and to. Nuclear science and engineering nuclear reactor safety. When most people talk about nuclear waste, theyre referring to fuel thats been used in a reactor once. Chapter 7nuclear reactions 74 nuclear reactions and their interpretation are the main activity of most nuclear scientists. A nuclear change is a change in which the nucleons things in the nucleus change. Nuclear fuel assemblies must be designed for particular types of reactors and made to exacting standards.
A nuclear reactor can be termed as breeder only when the. Chapter 7nuclear reactions 73 at high enough excitation energies, a nucleus can undergo a series of normal modes of collective oscillations called giant resonances. Live simple, live free tinyhouse prepper recommended for you. The due date for submitting this assignment has passed. Nuclear physics fundamentals and applications download book. Reactor design basics reactor systems engineering glasstone, samuel, sesonske, alexander on. The nucleus rings like a bell at distinct frequencies with all the nucleons participating and sharing the excitation energy. Introduction, specific power, power density, linear heat rati. Comparison of characteristics of fast and thermal reactors, role of fast reactors in indian nuclear programme general features of fast reactor core. Ukraine prepares to mark the 20th anniversary of the worlds. Fission burnup is the proportion of heavy nuclei placed in the reactor core that have undergone nuclear fission either directly or after conversion. Strategy for the management and disposal of used nuclear fuel and highlevel radioactive waste 3 generators pay the full cost of the disposal of their used nuclear fuel and highlevel radioactive waste. A nuclear change often turns one element into another element. The most common use of nuclear reactors is for the generation of electrical power nuclear power and for the power in some ships nuclear marine propulsion.
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